Some reason, still widely believed, though summer vacation is better than winter. Of course, when choosing a place and rest periods must take into account the age and degree of staying power, and the presence of chronic diseases. But we know that the climate is not simply some neutral environment, but also quite powerful self-healing factor. Climatotherapy - one of the most effective methods of health training and prevention, even treat certain diseases. Each season can be useful in his own person. But especially favorable for recreation and spa treatment during the winter months.
The fact that winter weather is usually just as stable as in summer. And the move, say, December - February at the resort in a different climatic zone does not cause changes and seasonal rhythms of physiological functions or during their stay, or return home, because in those months, almost throughout the country have already installed the winter season . And this is important for health.
After moving to resorts located in other landscape-climatic regions (eg from the middle zone to the south), in the transitional seasons, especially autumn, accompanied by a violation of customary rights to the seasonal rhythm. The conditions of autumn, early winter it gets without having to adapt to the weather conditions of summer, which entails, as a rule, the mismatch in the basic physiological functions of the body not only during the period of acclimatization in the resort, but on his return (from summer to winter) in the usual conditions residence.
In favor of the winter holiday says another important fact. As shown by studies in recent years in the winter the absolute amount of oxygen in the air an average of 10 - 15% more than in summer (in Moscow, for example, respectively, 300 - 320 and 250 - 270 g/m3). There is. why the winter season, with steady snow cover, moderately cold weather and increased oxygen content in air is favorable for an active aerotherapeutics in combination with exercise and sports in the fresh air. Good to know that winter is considerable difference between the amount of oxygen and air and indoor air at room temperature 18 °, this difference in average 10% and it increases rapidly with increasing temperature in the room. So walk in the winter - one of the most effective forms of natural oxygen therapy.
When choosing a place to relax in a different climatic zone, it is necessary to take into account the fact that the actual duration of the winter in different regions of the country do not always coincide with the calendar of deadlines - December - February. On the territory of CIS countries the duration of the winter ranges from 10 to 34 weeks. In the tundra, it begins in early October, on the Black Sea coast - in the first week of December, in Magadan winter lasts 5 months, in Vladivostok and Moscow - 4.5 months. The minimum duration of the winter (2-2,5 months) in the southern regions of the country: on the southern coast of Crimea, the Black, Caspian and Azov Seas, Ukraine, Byelorussia.
It is believed that the dead of winter in January. But on the Baltic Sea, for example, the coldest month - February. The warmest place in winter in our country - Gagra. Average monthly air temperature and January are up to plus 7 degrees.
Of course, not alone the temperature characteristic features of winter. Of great importance are the frequency and amount of precipitation (snow and rain in some areas), as well as the strength and direction of the wind. It is well known, for example, that low temperatures in Siberia due to wind and low humidity (dry cold) is transferred much more easily than the less severe frosts, for example, in the Orenburg steppes, which often winds, cold or wet in the coastal areas of the Black, Azov Seas where there may be no return of heat from the slush, often changing direction and wind speed. Such instability is particularly unfavorable weather for those suffering from respiratory diseases and musculoskeletal inflammatory disorders.
In areas from Tallinn to Klaipeda frequent storms, strong winds at this time are in Odessa. Theodosia. Anapa. In Novorossiysk on the sector Makhachkala - Baku boron and cold north blows quite frequently.
On the territory north of 43 ° north latitude, as a rule, there is a lack of ultraviolet radiation, which, of course, affects the overall condition of the organism and a number of diseases. The duration of the ultraviolet deficiency in the atmosphere in different regions of the country ranges from 1 to 5 - 6 months of the year. In winter, generally much shorter duration of daylight, and in areas north of 70 ° north latitude the polar night.
Favorable meteorological conditions for the rest f the season at the Riga seashore, where there is stable, as a rule, windless weather. Stable weather patterns in winter in the western and southern European country's territory in the south of Central Asia (in the region from the Caspian to the Aral Sea), in Transcarpathia, the Caucasus, in the Rostov region, as well as in Eastern Siberia and the Baikal region, where due to the dominance of the powerful Siberian anticyclone kept dry cold.
Where to go relax in the winter?
In the Caucasian Mineral Waters, at the Riga seaside resorts, climatic health resorts of the Karelian Isthmus favorable climatic conditions combined with balneotherapy natural mineral waters. The most optimal climatic conditions for rest and treatment occur in low and middle regions of Central Asia, Caucasus, the Carpathians, in these areas, even in winter in the atmosphere contains biologically active ultraviolet rays. And in the mountains inteisienost ultraviolet light in January, almost four times higher than in the middle lane on the plain.
Conditions for treatment and quenching in combination with various types of motor activity in the open air in the mountains ideal. The combination of moderate hypoxia on the background of cool air with low humidity and high concentration of light ions is the best natural training for basic vital physiological systems: respiratory, cardiovascular, nervous.
Erroneous view that the treatment and rest are effective only on the southern resorts of the country. His supporters forget that in our country in any region of original, unique nature, unique mineral springs: the coast of the Oka, the forests of Belarus. Urals, Siberia and the Far East, the central region, the Central Asian republics. It won a good reputation established resorts. We call some of them. This Staraya Russa in the Novgorod region, "Khilovo in the Pskov region," Sergievskie mineral water "in the Kuibyshev region," Marcial Waters "in Karelia. In Siberia famous resort Darasun "(Chita Region). The resort "Lipetsk" under Peter I have discovered so-called "baderskie bath.
Deservedly popular resorts of Lake Issyk-Kul. Semenov-Tian-Shansky compared the Issyk-Kul with precious aquamarine set in silver snow-capped mountain ranges. This excellent climatic conditions for rest and treatment in all seasons: a unique combination of mountain and sea air, the abundance of sun, therapeutic mud, mineral water springs.
In conclusion, I would like to recall that the perfect rest, to strengthen their health while on vacation and you can without going far away from home. in the suburban areas in the parks. For peace and quiet, the correct mode of the day, motor activity in the fresh air - the best and most faithful healers. And in the winter for them will be added and bracing frost, white snow and pure air.
воскресенье, 13 декабря 2009 г.
Household Appliances
Beautifully live not forbid! At present, created a lot of devices and appliances that provide secure during your life. If you're tired, then sat at the TV, you can enjoy movies, or merge into a single information network, watch the news. If on TV there is nothing standing, that, unfortunately, more often happens, you will relax watching your favorite comedy on a computer or DVD - player.
But what is the rest, if you can not open a can of cold beer from the fridge (you fat football fans), or chew an apple, drink juice and eat steamed turnip (you fancy a healthy life), drink purified or filtered some water (you grow thin on the field Bragg). Most TV and player, DVD-players and computers used by men, as indeed refrigerator.
Often you hear the phrase "Honey, we have something to chew on in the refrigerator?". Men find it necessary to relax after a hard day, lying on the couch! Women called to order at least promising prospects enjoy using microwave ovens, washing machines, cookers, vacuum occasionally (this is if the husband does not nakrichit that the noise of a vacuum cleaner prevents him from political debates to watch or listen to the commentator of sports news). But women are not discouraged by adversity - boredom, after a hard day you will save an iron and ironing board (quietly and without disturbing anybody, you can spend your leisure).
Raise your spirits - women, help scales! How nice to see that physical activity - washing, cleaning and cooking has brought long-awaited fruits - you lose weight! Cool unjust resentment against her husband lying on the couch you - women - will help air conditioner, air freshener, ionizer, or at worst just a fan in the compartment with the air cleaner! Impress your better half cooking skills will crepe, blenders, grills, choppers, yogurnitsy, meat grinders, steamers, food processors, kashevarki, coffee grinders, slicers. However, if the experience of cooking did not succeed all the "evidence" remove garbage grinders and dishwashers, all the smoke and fumes quickly stretched cooker hoods.
Thus, looking from the height of his intellectual existence, hardships of life, we still can not say - life was a success! Household appliances - a new recipe for a quiet and peaceful home life!
But what is the rest, if you can not open a can of cold beer from the fridge (you fat football fans), or chew an apple, drink juice and eat steamed turnip (you fancy a healthy life), drink purified or filtered some water (you grow thin on the field Bragg). Most TV and player, DVD-players and computers used by men, as indeed refrigerator.
Often you hear the phrase "Honey, we have something to chew on in the refrigerator?". Men find it necessary to relax after a hard day, lying on the couch! Women called to order at least promising prospects enjoy using microwave ovens, washing machines, cookers, vacuum occasionally (this is if the husband does not nakrichit that the noise of a vacuum cleaner prevents him from political debates to watch or listen to the commentator of sports news). But women are not discouraged by adversity - boredom, after a hard day you will save an iron and ironing board (quietly and without disturbing anybody, you can spend your leisure).
Raise your spirits - women, help scales! How nice to see that physical activity - washing, cleaning and cooking has brought long-awaited fruits - you lose weight! Cool unjust resentment against her husband lying on the couch you - women - will help air conditioner, air freshener, ionizer, or at worst just a fan in the compartment with the air cleaner! Impress your better half cooking skills will crepe, blenders, grills, choppers, yogurnitsy, meat grinders, steamers, food processors, kashevarki, coffee grinders, slicers. However, if the experience of cooking did not succeed all the "evidence" remove garbage grinders and dishwashers, all the smoke and fumes quickly stretched cooker hoods.
Thus, looking from the height of his intellectual existence, hardships of life, we still can not say - life was a success! Household appliances - a new recipe for a quiet and peaceful home life!
How to choose a profession
There are the lucky ones among us, still deep in my childhood who decided whom they will work. They firmly believe in their choice and go to the goal, overcoming obstacles and coping with difficulties. If you - among them, and you definitely know what you do after school - no problem, you will succeed.
Many of the students, standing on the threshold of adulthood, are in utter confusion about "who to be," where do ", and what, actually, to do after the long-awaited graduation ceremony.
All is not lost if the problem is the choice of profession is for you desperately. So you're quite ready to start living my adult life and be accountable for their actions. But if you strongly care in what institution take you by the hand mother, must urgently look into yourself. Because it may be that you have all the years of study you will frankly get bored, and after graduation find yourself out of business.
Who encounter difficulties in choosing a profession? This is usually the guys who have no obvious affiliation to the subjects. They simply were not interesting to learn, they did not have so-called favorite subject in school. Perhaps teachers have not been able to instill interest and love for their discipline, and talents that exist in every person, yet deeply buried. They may be good in school, but beyond that does not particularly fond. As a result, live a boring monotonous life, and from the diversity that surrounds them in life, nothing is particularly attractive. At the root of the problem - the usual indifference to the outside world, poor orientation in the world of professions. Words such as caver or taxidermist are Chinese literate.
Another category of children - hyperactive in all that relates to school, tutoring, study groups and sections. Their life may be a combination of two circles, three sports section and a few electives. And, interestingly, what they will not take - they'll get everything and all they succeed. In such a diversity of talent is difficult to choose the chief talent for life.
In order to understand themselves, resort to the advice of psychologists. They reasonably believe that your future profession should be primarily INTERESTING.
If you love messing with the equipment, well-versed in technology, you should not include documents on the Faculty of Humanities, go to study engineering, for example. And if you love animals, plants and everything connected with living nature, all the natural sciences - just for you.
But one of thrust to the subject matter is not enough. There is such a thing as "professionally important qualities", in other words - Ability to one or another profession. The artist can not do without the creative thinking, the surgeon - no coolness, and an accountant - without perseverance. It is possible that even without the presence of professionally important qualities you are difficult to operate a profession, but you will feel yourself in it uncomfortable. So choose the specialty where your ability will be implemented with maximum efficiency. In this case, you are guaranteed comfort, success and material wealth, which is important.
Followed by character traits. If you are a shy quiet type, you should not communicate with the professions, abundant contacts with people (unless of course you do not want to overcome in themselves, these features). Well, if you have the energy in full swing, and you two minutes, you can not sit still, do not connect their lives with routine work that requires long-term focus.
But on the other hand, your character has just formed, so do not get carried away the labels and do not deny it irrevocably from the profession about which you dream. Some great artists of his youth were very shy. But there is a variant - to fight, work hard, discover a hidden talent. It just did something to overcome, which we mentioned above. In any case, do not abandon their dreams.
There are many cases where a person who has no talent for music, but longing for it to do, managed to develop an ear for music. The main thing - interest, remember: the ability to form in the activity. Get used to work, work. At some abilities not go far. On the other hand, the interest - the thing too, not quite stable. A lot of guys think that like any academic subject, but in fact they really like the teacher. In addition, it is difficult to understand, whether you like psychology or economics is the same - you're a school has not studied anything like it .... In order to get it right, we must expand our horizons to the world of professions. Adults ask me questions about their professional activities - as a rule, people are happy to talk about their present work and the student's. Then you can consciously decide whether you are interested in this area, or anything you know about the specialty on which to apply - it's her name ...
So, to understand their abilities, interests and personality traits, you proceed to the election is not a profession - and the university or faculty. Find out what special and specialization in the interests of your activity. It is not always one correspondence (eg, to repair computers, you need to get the specialty of Radioelectronics "). The decision should be based on many factors not psychological in nature: a reputation of high school and competition, the opinion of friends, parents, the cost of training. Do not be lazy and send for on a separate sheet of paper the pros and cons of each option. Analyze data with friends and relatives. And always remember: the final choice only for you, for choosing a profession you choose destiny. Profession should bring pleasure and positive emotions, and above all - to you.
Many of the students, standing on the threshold of adulthood, are in utter confusion about "who to be," where do ", and what, actually, to do after the long-awaited graduation ceremony.
All is not lost if the problem is the choice of profession is for you desperately. So you're quite ready to start living my adult life and be accountable for their actions. But if you strongly care in what institution take you by the hand mother, must urgently look into yourself. Because it may be that you have all the years of study you will frankly get bored, and after graduation find yourself out of business.
Who encounter difficulties in choosing a profession? This is usually the guys who have no obvious affiliation to the subjects. They simply were not interesting to learn, they did not have so-called favorite subject in school. Perhaps teachers have not been able to instill interest and love for their discipline, and talents that exist in every person, yet deeply buried. They may be good in school, but beyond that does not particularly fond. As a result, live a boring monotonous life, and from the diversity that surrounds them in life, nothing is particularly attractive. At the root of the problem - the usual indifference to the outside world, poor orientation in the world of professions. Words such as caver or taxidermist are Chinese literate.
Another category of children - hyperactive in all that relates to school, tutoring, study groups and sections. Their life may be a combination of two circles, three sports section and a few electives. And, interestingly, what they will not take - they'll get everything and all they succeed. In such a diversity of talent is difficult to choose the chief talent for life.
In order to understand themselves, resort to the advice of psychologists. They reasonably believe that your future profession should be primarily INTERESTING.
If you love messing with the equipment, well-versed in technology, you should not include documents on the Faculty of Humanities, go to study engineering, for example. And if you love animals, plants and everything connected with living nature, all the natural sciences - just for you.
But one of thrust to the subject matter is not enough. There is such a thing as "professionally important qualities", in other words - Ability to one or another profession. The artist can not do without the creative thinking, the surgeon - no coolness, and an accountant - without perseverance. It is possible that even without the presence of professionally important qualities you are difficult to operate a profession, but you will feel yourself in it uncomfortable. So choose the specialty where your ability will be implemented with maximum efficiency. In this case, you are guaranteed comfort, success and material wealth, which is important.
Followed by character traits. If you are a shy quiet type, you should not communicate with the professions, abundant contacts with people (unless of course you do not want to overcome in themselves, these features). Well, if you have the energy in full swing, and you two minutes, you can not sit still, do not connect their lives with routine work that requires long-term focus.
But on the other hand, your character has just formed, so do not get carried away the labels and do not deny it irrevocably from the profession about which you dream. Some great artists of his youth were very shy. But there is a variant - to fight, work hard, discover a hidden talent. It just did something to overcome, which we mentioned above. In any case, do not abandon their dreams.
There are many cases where a person who has no talent for music, but longing for it to do, managed to develop an ear for music. The main thing - interest, remember: the ability to form in the activity. Get used to work, work. At some abilities not go far. On the other hand, the interest - the thing too, not quite stable. A lot of guys think that like any academic subject, but in fact they really like the teacher. In addition, it is difficult to understand, whether you like psychology or economics is the same - you're a school has not studied anything like it .... In order to get it right, we must expand our horizons to the world of professions. Adults ask me questions about their professional activities - as a rule, people are happy to talk about their present work and the student's. Then you can consciously decide whether you are interested in this area, or anything you know about the specialty on which to apply - it's her name ...
So, to understand their abilities, interests and personality traits, you proceed to the election is not a profession - and the university or faculty. Find out what special and specialization in the interests of your activity. It is not always one correspondence (eg, to repair computers, you need to get the specialty of Radioelectronics "). The decision should be based on many factors not psychological in nature: a reputation of high school and competition, the opinion of friends, parents, the cost of training. Do not be lazy and send for on a separate sheet of paper the pros and cons of each option. Analyze data with friends and relatives. And always remember: the final choice only for you, for choosing a profession you choose destiny. Profession should bring pleasure and positive emotions, and above all - to you.
Which house to build?
In Russia market, the most popular home out of solid wood. Regardless of size, such structures stand firmly on the simple strip footing during the entire period of operation. Their quality depends on two essential conditions: first, the wood must be thoroughly dried, secondly, the need for the regular processing of protective compounds.
In choosing the material for the construction of houses is taken into account the fact that the strength of solid timber, due to his "onion" structure (carrying rod wrapped in a core set of annual rings, through which a beam collapses very slowly, layer by layer), significantly exceeds the strength of beam (in cabins homes even steel rods, tightening the boards, do not always cope with internal stress of living material). However, home from a bar rather easily to give the desired appearance: smooth surfaces are ideal for laying the inside sheets of drywall, as well as for facing brick or siding. Round timber price slightly exceeds the board, but only at a price - the other characteristics are much higher. Houses of "cylindering" is going to quickly and easily, because the number of operations is small. Addition, the use of logs allows you to create a more rigid and dense structure than that of the rod, while improving the thermal insulation properties of walls. After final assembly you can save the natural look chopped walls, trim them to the surface of the lining and any other material.
According to producers, at present, timbered walls often erected from logs with a diameter of 254 mm or 200 mm, which on the outside have a convex surface and the inside - a flat.
LVL houses are not common in Russia because of its high cost. Monolithic beams are glued together with boards of different thickness. Glued laminated timber significantly enhances the construction. He has all the virtues of whole logs, but surpasses it in strength and durability, and no shrinkage. However, the price of glued timber slightly above the cost of bricks, which prevents him from home to become popular in Russia.
It is worth noting the trend of rising interest in the homes of the laminated board in recent years. Perhaps this is due to the fact that this board is already producing a number of Russian companies (formerly glued beams, mainly manufactured in Finland) and it costs two and sometimes three times cheaper than the Finnish. Also increasing interest in laminated logs can be explained by the prospects of wider use of this material for frame construction.
Currently, the most frequently used for housing glued beam thickness of 250 mm. With dense contiguity of all construction joints of the walls of heat losses are minimal. Among the elite housing popular sets of houses from glued beams, derived from the cedar planks, stolschinoy walls of 500 mm. Consider the advantages and disadvantages of the simple houses and logs, as well as a laminated board in more detail.
Houses made of logs
Production log cabins made of logs (the largest manufacturer - Finnish company Honka). Round logs domestic producers can not compete in quality with the sliced beam, as in thickness, and quality connections. Manufacturers of houses made from cylindrical logs recognize that their log-house more suitable for holiday homes, not used during the cold period. Even high-quality "calibrated" log-used in Europe less demand than at home handmade. Demand for "calibration" in our country due more aggressive marketing and low cost.
Houses of simple beam
Compared with walls made from cylindrical logs, lumber walls have low thermal conductivity and in the winter cold to warm up to an unheated house a comfortable temperature for humans can be just a few hours. This can be considered a sufficient wall thickness of only 150 mm. Another huge advantage the walls of cabins is their ability to withdraw from the room extra moisture, their lightness and resistance to deformation. To erect Timber framed houses is sufficient pier foundation or a foundation, called "floating bars". Even under adverse weather conditions lumber house will last over 100 years due to its ability to withstand an unlimited number of cycles of freezing - thawing.
However, cabins and homes have several disadvantages. In the first place you should pay attention to their flammable, susceptibility to the action of insect pests and rot. To avoid this, we need special treatment and special protection against moisture and fire, which requires additional cost and does not always guarantee absolute protection.
If there are restrictions in terms of construction, it should take into account the fact that, after cutting the wooden walls and before they finish must pass the year, because wall before finishing must "settle down". Draft sometimes reaches 10%, which is 4-10 times greater than that of stone or timber frame walls.
Another disadvantage is that the drying timber may be deformed. To avoid this wall should be lumber prokonopatit, and this is - a complicated and expensive procedure. Another way out of this situation is the cabins lining the walls outside and inside lining, or DSPs.
Experts recommend to use for the construction of conventional timber for construction of small cottages and villas, designed for seasonal or year-round operation.
Recently, many companies began producing low-cost hand-made log cabins for $ 30 - $ 50 per square. m log. Demand for such log is widespread due to low prices, and between those producing high competition. The products of these enterprises distinguishes small diameter logs (15-20 cm), cutting without a trace ( "in the paw"), a triangular notch, gapping logs to each other, lack antiseptirovaniya. Use these can be log only with internal and external skin, with an additional warming, their term of service is not more than 30 years. High-quality houses, as a rule, not sheathed - their external aesthetics based on the walls of dressed logs, thermal and technical characteristics of the carcass is such that it requires no additional warming, the pairing of logs is very accurate metal parts in them are not used (house built without a single nail " ).
Manual mode of production log can achieve high quality cuttings, which can not be achieved with machine production chopped homes. Using large diameter logs (from 25 to 40 cm), which significantly improves the insulating characteristics of the house and its external aesthetics.
Often used protesannye two edge beams - polubrus - with thick walls of 20-25 cm and a Norwegian version of the cup.
Pediments and interior walls are made of logs, which allows slegovuyu roof structure. The logs, collapsed, sex and ceiling beams are processed plane, walls of the house did not require further lining. Impregnation of timber antiseptic allows not only to prevent rotting of wood, but to give the walls the desired color shade.
Each timber carefully adjusted to the previous, in the logs is vertical drink to relieve tension and prevent horizontal cracking in the dry carcass.
The walls, both internal and external require further cladding, thermal and technical characteristics of the carcass can not use the additional warming.
We had the opportunity to make sure that the wooden houses, built of traditional materials - timber or solid timber, besides indisputable advantages, have several disadvantages. Typically, the process of construction of the timber or solid timber lengthy, time consuming and requires an individual approach to handling the material. Wood for construction has a natural moisture content exceeding 30%, which leads to shrinkage of the walls at T 10-20 cm on the floor within 1-2 years, and this can lead to cracks and warping in the process of exploitation, exposure to atmospheric effects and biological factors (rot, insect infestation).
Houses of plywood
In recent years increasingly used a more advanced technology of manufacturing of wooden houses from glued wood, devoid of the above deficiencies. Thanks to modern technology made it possible to use glued laminated timber in virtually all structural elements of a wooden house (for wall beams, rafters, beams, etc.).
Technology of glued wood involves the removal of knots and defects before splicing and selection of pieces by color and texture. All this allows to obtain high surface quality and immaculate appearance. Laminated wood retains its shape and size over time, does not shrink, do not twist and bend. This is due to the lack of glued wood internal stresses, as well as the fact that it is made of pre-dried raw material. Structures of plywood are 50-70% greater strength in comparison with whole by gluing in timber slats with a mutually opposite direction of wood grain (annual rings).
Construction period houses from glued beams less than solid. This is because all parts are made with high precision in factory conditions at a constant temperature and humidity, build in-house construction is easy and fast installation on finished basement does not exceed 5-6 weeks.
However uteplit horizontal joints glued structures more complicated than in the homes of traditional materials. But often profiled glued beams so tightly connected with the assembly, there is no need to put a heater in the grooves between them. Yes and the profile of the frames is calculated so that rainwater does not get between them, which protects the design from the emergence of pockets of decay.
One of the few disadvantages of building the house of plywood is its relatively high cost. So the price of one square meter wooden part of the house will be not less than $ 200 and can be provided only to those industries, where production houses from glued beams, placed on stream. Other manufacturers offer laminated logs for a much higher price, mostly more than $ 350.
Often, the final cost is reduced through the use of cheap and low-grade raw materials - the thin. Small-diameter timber is growing almost everywhere, is several times cheaper than lumber, and, in principle, suitable for all elements of the house, except for windows and some decorative elements: staircases and window sills. There are producers who do not take up the construction of houses from glued beams for individual sizes, because try to do model kits houses in factory conditions, thus significantly reducing their cost.
In choosing the material for the construction of houses is taken into account the fact that the strength of solid timber, due to his "onion" structure (carrying rod wrapped in a core set of annual rings, through which a beam collapses very slowly, layer by layer), significantly exceeds the strength of beam (in cabins homes even steel rods, tightening the boards, do not always cope with internal stress of living material). However, home from a bar rather easily to give the desired appearance: smooth surfaces are ideal for laying the inside sheets of drywall, as well as for facing brick or siding. Round timber price slightly exceeds the board, but only at a price - the other characteristics are much higher. Houses of "cylindering" is going to quickly and easily, because the number of operations is small. Addition, the use of logs allows you to create a more rigid and dense structure than that of the rod, while improving the thermal insulation properties of walls. After final assembly you can save the natural look chopped walls, trim them to the surface of the lining and any other material.
According to producers, at present, timbered walls often erected from logs with a diameter of 254 mm or 200 mm, which on the outside have a convex surface and the inside - a flat.
LVL houses are not common in Russia because of its high cost. Monolithic beams are glued together with boards of different thickness. Glued laminated timber significantly enhances the construction. He has all the virtues of whole logs, but surpasses it in strength and durability, and no shrinkage. However, the price of glued timber slightly above the cost of bricks, which prevents him from home to become popular in Russia.
It is worth noting the trend of rising interest in the homes of the laminated board in recent years. Perhaps this is due to the fact that this board is already producing a number of Russian companies (formerly glued beams, mainly manufactured in Finland) and it costs two and sometimes three times cheaper than the Finnish. Also increasing interest in laminated logs can be explained by the prospects of wider use of this material for frame construction.
Currently, the most frequently used for housing glued beam thickness of 250 mm. With dense contiguity of all construction joints of the walls of heat losses are minimal. Among the elite housing popular sets of houses from glued beams, derived from the cedar planks, stolschinoy walls of 500 mm. Consider the advantages and disadvantages of the simple houses and logs, as well as a laminated board in more detail.
Houses made of logs
Production log cabins made of logs (the largest manufacturer - Finnish company Honka). Round logs domestic producers can not compete in quality with the sliced beam, as in thickness, and quality connections. Manufacturers of houses made from cylindrical logs recognize that their log-house more suitable for holiday homes, not used during the cold period. Even high-quality "calibrated" log-used in Europe less demand than at home handmade. Demand for "calibration" in our country due more aggressive marketing and low cost.
Houses of simple beam
Compared with walls made from cylindrical logs, lumber walls have low thermal conductivity and in the winter cold to warm up to an unheated house a comfortable temperature for humans can be just a few hours. This can be considered a sufficient wall thickness of only 150 mm. Another huge advantage the walls of cabins is their ability to withdraw from the room extra moisture, their lightness and resistance to deformation. To erect Timber framed houses is sufficient pier foundation or a foundation, called "floating bars". Even under adverse weather conditions lumber house will last over 100 years due to its ability to withstand an unlimited number of cycles of freezing - thawing.
However, cabins and homes have several disadvantages. In the first place you should pay attention to their flammable, susceptibility to the action of insect pests and rot. To avoid this, we need special treatment and special protection against moisture and fire, which requires additional cost and does not always guarantee absolute protection.
If there are restrictions in terms of construction, it should take into account the fact that, after cutting the wooden walls and before they finish must pass the year, because wall before finishing must "settle down". Draft sometimes reaches 10%, which is 4-10 times greater than that of stone or timber frame walls.
Another disadvantage is that the drying timber may be deformed. To avoid this wall should be lumber prokonopatit, and this is - a complicated and expensive procedure. Another way out of this situation is the cabins lining the walls outside and inside lining, or DSPs.
Experts recommend to use for the construction of conventional timber for construction of small cottages and villas, designed for seasonal or year-round operation.
Recently, many companies began producing low-cost hand-made log cabins for $ 30 - $ 50 per square. m log. Demand for such log is widespread due to low prices, and between those producing high competition. The products of these enterprises distinguishes small diameter logs (15-20 cm), cutting without a trace ( "in the paw"), a triangular notch, gapping logs to each other, lack antiseptirovaniya. Use these can be log only with internal and external skin, with an additional warming, their term of service is not more than 30 years. High-quality houses, as a rule, not sheathed - their external aesthetics based on the walls of dressed logs, thermal and technical characteristics of the carcass is such that it requires no additional warming, the pairing of logs is very accurate metal parts in them are not used (house built without a single nail " ).
Manual mode of production log can achieve high quality cuttings, which can not be achieved with machine production chopped homes. Using large diameter logs (from 25 to 40 cm), which significantly improves the insulating characteristics of the house and its external aesthetics.
Often used protesannye two edge beams - polubrus - with thick walls of 20-25 cm and a Norwegian version of the cup.
Pediments and interior walls are made of logs, which allows slegovuyu roof structure. The logs, collapsed, sex and ceiling beams are processed plane, walls of the house did not require further lining. Impregnation of timber antiseptic allows not only to prevent rotting of wood, but to give the walls the desired color shade.
Each timber carefully adjusted to the previous, in the logs is vertical drink to relieve tension and prevent horizontal cracking in the dry carcass.
The walls, both internal and external require further cladding, thermal and technical characteristics of the carcass can not use the additional warming.
We had the opportunity to make sure that the wooden houses, built of traditional materials - timber or solid timber, besides indisputable advantages, have several disadvantages. Typically, the process of construction of the timber or solid timber lengthy, time consuming and requires an individual approach to handling the material. Wood for construction has a natural moisture content exceeding 30%, which leads to shrinkage of the walls at T 10-20 cm on the floor within 1-2 years, and this can lead to cracks and warping in the process of exploitation, exposure to atmospheric effects and biological factors (rot, insect infestation).
Houses of plywood
In recent years increasingly used a more advanced technology of manufacturing of wooden houses from glued wood, devoid of the above deficiencies. Thanks to modern technology made it possible to use glued laminated timber in virtually all structural elements of a wooden house (for wall beams, rafters, beams, etc.).
Technology of glued wood involves the removal of knots and defects before splicing and selection of pieces by color and texture. All this allows to obtain high surface quality and immaculate appearance. Laminated wood retains its shape and size over time, does not shrink, do not twist and bend. This is due to the lack of glued wood internal stresses, as well as the fact that it is made of pre-dried raw material. Structures of plywood are 50-70% greater strength in comparison with whole by gluing in timber slats with a mutually opposite direction of wood grain (annual rings).
Construction period houses from glued beams less than solid. This is because all parts are made with high precision in factory conditions at a constant temperature and humidity, build in-house construction is easy and fast installation on finished basement does not exceed 5-6 weeks.
However uteplit horizontal joints glued structures more complicated than in the homes of traditional materials. But often profiled glued beams so tightly connected with the assembly, there is no need to put a heater in the grooves between them. Yes and the profile of the frames is calculated so that rainwater does not get between them, which protects the design from the emergence of pockets of decay.
One of the few disadvantages of building the house of plywood is its relatively high cost. So the price of one square meter wooden part of the house will be not less than $ 200 and can be provided only to those industries, where production houses from glued beams, placed on stream. Other manufacturers offer laminated logs for a much higher price, mostly more than $ 350.
Often, the final cost is reduced through the use of cheap and low-grade raw materials - the thin. Small-diameter timber is growing almost everywhere, is several times cheaper than lumber, and, in principle, suitable for all elements of the house, except for windows and some decorative elements: staircases and window sills. There are producers who do not take up the construction of houses from glued beams for individual sizes, because try to do model kits houses in factory conditions, thus significantly reducing their cost.
How to choose the shoes in the campaign?
Each time, preparing for a hike, we think of what kind of shoes preferred. It should be comfortable, durable, able to make all travel conditions, to ensure easy movement on any terrain and create a comfortable temperature regime for the feet. Shoes should be compiled on the basis of the features of the upcoming trip. For example, if a light trekking to the Crimea for the summer - should be fine sneakers, a summer hike on Carpathians can use sneakers, if you plan on more complex mountains, of course, can not do without good tourist shoes. In addition to geographical features of the planned march on the choice of footwear, of course, affects also the factor of seasonality, so everything in order.
Sneakers and running shoes.
This type of shoe is suitable for simple hikes from easy terrain, especially good in dry, sunny weather. Excellent footwear for water hikes and alloys, where serious waterproof shoes useless. Main advantages shoe and sneaker ease, they do not load up and dry quickly. Downside - easy to get wet, poorly protected from the terrain and not fix the ankle (which is in serious mountains is of great importance). In complex campaigns make good use of sneakers and running shoes as a watch-shoes, although many tourists prefer a watch-shoes take a couple of simple slippers, they are lighter in weight and leg in their breathing.
Currently, some manufacturers round. shoes (Campus, Salomon, etc.) produce special sneakers and hiking shoes. They are made of durable material, this shoe is more protected from water and mechanical damage, the upper limit is usually held on the border of the ankle, which reduces the risk of injury.
Buy sneakers or shoes should be one size larger, in view of thick socks. Do not buy sneakers or shoes that you do when fitting butt, because in the campaign they will rub. Better to trying on shoes with the use of thick (or double-dyed wool) sock. Well zashnuruyte to be over, if all you will find convenient, then, these shoes can be used in the campaign.
BOOTS.
The only option footwear digestible for complex trips - hiking boots. When planning a trip it is important to correctly choose the shoes, considering all the nuances of the upcoming trip: relief features, the different temperature regimes and the season. Today emit several types of tourist shoes: shoes for mountain climbing, mountain trekking boots, boots for trekking and trekking shoes.
- Shoes and shoes for trekking:
Trekking shoes are supported by inserted metal or plastic structures. Inside is a warm, vlagovyvodyaschy layer of soft tissue, which includes a special membrane (Gore-tex, Micro-tex, etc.). Choose a model to a shoe based on the conditions in which performance will be traveling, so for the hikes, which assumed the presence of moisture there shoes with membrane linings of the solid piece of fabric for summer tracks - lined with mesh for winter hiking or skiing lowland hikes - from leather or nubuck with additional insulation. Trekking shoes are a lightweight version of the shoes, they are perfectly applicable to the summer hiking trips on the rough terrain and small hills.
Buy shoes or sneakers should be sized for 1-2 more, again in view of thick socks.
- Shoes for the Highlands:
This type of tourist shoes, as a rule, consists of 2 parts. The upper part of durable plastic to protect the feet from external damage and secure fixation of the foot. This part of the shoe if necessary unfastened, leaving the inner boot. For low-temperature regimes inside shoes can be specially heat-insulated and finished with silver layers. The sole thought in such a way that a shoe could be attached cats, skis or snowshoes.
- Shoes for mountain hikes:
This insulated boots securely locking the leg, equipped with sole VIBRAM, which reinforced steel plate. At the bottom of a welt for fixing cats and snowshoes. The upper part of such shoes made of soft materials - vyvorotnaya leather, nubuck with an additional cushion welt around the perimeter of the shoe at the middle of the foot for protection from external influences. Although many tourists prefer the classics (and nubuck leather), modern technology still went ahead, there were shoes made of synthetic materials, they have much to gain by weight characteristics, judge for yourself: the weight of a pair of classical (or nubuck leather) - 2.3 kg weight couples synthetic about 1,5 kg.
When choosing shoes first of all pay attention to the soles. Most high-quality soles for shoes are provided by Tourism VIBRAM, they are designed for extreme camping conditions, provide good adhesion with the surface of the shoe, and reinforced in places prone to the greatest wear. Underside VIBRAM put on alpine and trekking boots, sneakers and some models of rock shoes. On trekking boots manufacturers sometimes place the soles of its own making, because for simple trekking high wear resistance is required, and the company manufactured its products with the most modern technologies.
In foreign soles to soften the blows on the soles of an intermediate layer - polyurethane foam, nylon, etc. In order to give additional rigidity when attaching cats, etc. boots reinforced with steel plates 1 - 2 mm thick, covered with a material way.
The upper part of the shoe can be made of various materials - plain and vyvorotnaya leather, nubuck (boiled leather with a very small pile), CORDURA. CORDURA has high strength, badly stretched, not "dubeet" in the cold.
As pads, ensuring a comfortable temperature in hiking shoes use the material Thinsulate, the invention of the company 3M, the structure of its fibers close to the structure down.
Not less important task is the ability to boot removes moisture, so the pads are special materials that enable feet to breathe. In our country this type of material is called the membrane (in the west they are called breathable - «breathable"). Membrane - a thin porous fabric, situated between the outer and inner lining shoe. On the one hand, it is impervious to rain, on the other - able to remove moisture.
Designated choice and good travels!
P.S. Do not go in the campaign in a new, not raznoshennoy shoes, walk around in it in advance on the city!
Sneakers and running shoes.
This type of shoe is suitable for simple hikes from easy terrain, especially good in dry, sunny weather. Excellent footwear for water hikes and alloys, where serious waterproof shoes useless. Main advantages shoe and sneaker ease, they do not load up and dry quickly. Downside - easy to get wet, poorly protected from the terrain and not fix the ankle (which is in serious mountains is of great importance). In complex campaigns make good use of sneakers and running shoes as a watch-shoes, although many tourists prefer a watch-shoes take a couple of simple slippers, they are lighter in weight and leg in their breathing.
Currently, some manufacturers round. shoes (Campus, Salomon, etc.) produce special sneakers and hiking shoes. They are made of durable material, this shoe is more protected from water and mechanical damage, the upper limit is usually held on the border of the ankle, which reduces the risk of injury.
Buy sneakers or shoes should be one size larger, in view of thick socks. Do not buy sneakers or shoes that you do when fitting butt, because in the campaign they will rub. Better to trying on shoes with the use of thick (or double-dyed wool) sock. Well zashnuruyte to be over, if all you will find convenient, then, these shoes can be used in the campaign.
BOOTS.
The only option footwear digestible for complex trips - hiking boots. When planning a trip it is important to correctly choose the shoes, considering all the nuances of the upcoming trip: relief features, the different temperature regimes and the season. Today emit several types of tourist shoes: shoes for mountain climbing, mountain trekking boots, boots for trekking and trekking shoes.
- Shoes and shoes for trekking:
Trekking shoes are supported by inserted metal or plastic structures. Inside is a warm, vlagovyvodyaschy layer of soft tissue, which includes a special membrane (Gore-tex, Micro-tex, etc.). Choose a model to a shoe based on the conditions in which performance will be traveling, so for the hikes, which assumed the presence of moisture there shoes with membrane linings of the solid piece of fabric for summer tracks - lined with mesh for winter hiking or skiing lowland hikes - from leather or nubuck with additional insulation. Trekking shoes are a lightweight version of the shoes, they are perfectly applicable to the summer hiking trips on the rough terrain and small hills.
Buy shoes or sneakers should be sized for 1-2 more, again in view of thick socks.
- Shoes for the Highlands:
This type of tourist shoes, as a rule, consists of 2 parts. The upper part of durable plastic to protect the feet from external damage and secure fixation of the foot. This part of the shoe if necessary unfastened, leaving the inner boot. For low-temperature regimes inside shoes can be specially heat-insulated and finished with silver layers. The sole thought in such a way that a shoe could be attached cats, skis or snowshoes.
- Shoes for mountain hikes:
This insulated boots securely locking the leg, equipped with sole VIBRAM, which reinforced steel plate. At the bottom of a welt for fixing cats and snowshoes. The upper part of such shoes made of soft materials - vyvorotnaya leather, nubuck with an additional cushion welt around the perimeter of the shoe at the middle of the foot for protection from external influences. Although many tourists prefer the classics (and nubuck leather), modern technology still went ahead, there were shoes made of synthetic materials, they have much to gain by weight characteristics, judge for yourself: the weight of a pair of classical (or nubuck leather) - 2.3 kg weight couples synthetic about 1,5 kg.
When choosing shoes first of all pay attention to the soles. Most high-quality soles for shoes are provided by Tourism VIBRAM, they are designed for extreme camping conditions, provide good adhesion with the surface of the shoe, and reinforced in places prone to the greatest wear. Underside VIBRAM put on alpine and trekking boots, sneakers and some models of rock shoes. On trekking boots manufacturers sometimes place the soles of its own making, because for simple trekking high wear resistance is required, and the company manufactured its products with the most modern technologies.
In foreign soles to soften the blows on the soles of an intermediate layer - polyurethane foam, nylon, etc. In order to give additional rigidity when attaching cats, etc. boots reinforced with steel plates 1 - 2 mm thick, covered with a material way.
The upper part of the shoe can be made of various materials - plain and vyvorotnaya leather, nubuck (boiled leather with a very small pile), CORDURA. CORDURA has high strength, badly stretched, not "dubeet" in the cold.
As pads, ensuring a comfortable temperature in hiking shoes use the material Thinsulate, the invention of the company 3M, the structure of its fibers close to the structure down.
Not less important task is the ability to boot removes moisture, so the pads are special materials that enable feet to breathe. In our country this type of material is called the membrane (in the west they are called breathable - «breathable"). Membrane - a thin porous fabric, situated between the outer and inner lining shoe. On the one hand, it is impervious to rain, on the other - able to remove moisture.
Designated choice and good travels!
P.S. Do not go in the campaign in a new, not raznoshennoy shoes, walk around in it in advance on the city!
How to choose a window
Today, the market represented a large number of brands of PVC profiles, how to orient in this variety. Choosing a company with which you work, you must remember that the end product is a window installed at the facility.
High quality windows made up of quality of three components:
1. elements (components) of the window: Profile, accessories, sealants, glass or glass;
2. build quality;
3. quality installation.
First of all, we should pay attention to the existence of the firms processors profiles of certificates of conformity GOST R for profiles, fixtures, glass sealant. Only the presence of these certificates can guarantee the quality and suitability of their application in the Russian climatic conditions.
Differences performance profiles of different brands (data from the certificates) so insignificant that we did not deem it advisable to submit them to the attention of readers. Thermal resistance varies approximately within 0,55-0,80 m2 · ° C / watt. The producers developed a series of profiles with design features that give different, the figures for sound and heat insulation. However, attention must be paid, certified whether certain types of profiles, because Certification is costly, and manufacturers are only for its top-selling items.
Can confidently say that the profile of any brand of certified, you can collect high-quality window.
In addition to the technical characteristics of the profiles, essential for the production of quality windows are also factors such as technical and consultative assistance to manufacturers. Many firms have come to the Russia market, providing its partners not only advertising support and marketing assistance, and train staff specifically for this set up training centers, conducting workshops, supplying teaching materials translated into Russian, control the quality of finished products. As well as opening offices in places where you can get emergency technical assistance.
Companies have long employed the market of Russia, already well-known climatic features of our region, the design features of our buildings both new and reconstructed. Those companies who are interested in long-term cooperation, especially developing profiles for Russia, given our backgrounds, as well as assembly sites.
Installation of windows is still the weakest link in the chain: components, assembly, installation. Qualitatively determine the window, those firms who have been trained by Western partners, and gained experience in editing. For example, KALEVA have long had their own training centers and does not rely on third-party installers, and gives the client a full range of services and, accordingly, a single guarantee for the products themselves, plus their installation.
In conclusion, we would like to list the most well-known brands of PVC profiles, that are currently present in Russia's market: Veka, Rehau, KBE, Gealan, Trocal, Pakpen, Thyssen, Pimas, Brugmann, Pimapen etc.
High quality windows made up of quality of three components:
1. elements (components) of the window: Profile, accessories, sealants, glass or glass;
2. build quality;
3. quality installation.
First of all, we should pay attention to the existence of the firms processors profiles of certificates of conformity GOST R for profiles, fixtures, glass sealant. Only the presence of these certificates can guarantee the quality and suitability of their application in the Russian climatic conditions.
Differences performance profiles of different brands (data from the certificates) so insignificant that we did not deem it advisable to submit them to the attention of readers. Thermal resistance varies approximately within 0,55-0,80 m2 · ° C / watt. The producers developed a series of profiles with design features that give different, the figures for sound and heat insulation. However, attention must be paid, certified whether certain types of profiles, because Certification is costly, and manufacturers are only for its top-selling items.
Can confidently say that the profile of any brand of certified, you can collect high-quality window.
In addition to the technical characteristics of the profiles, essential for the production of quality windows are also factors such as technical and consultative assistance to manufacturers. Many firms have come to the Russia market, providing its partners not only advertising support and marketing assistance, and train staff specifically for this set up training centers, conducting workshops, supplying teaching materials translated into Russian, control the quality of finished products. As well as opening offices in places where you can get emergency technical assistance.
Companies have long employed the market of Russia, already well-known climatic features of our region, the design features of our buildings both new and reconstructed. Those companies who are interested in long-term cooperation, especially developing profiles for Russia, given our backgrounds, as well as assembly sites.
Installation of windows is still the weakest link in the chain: components, assembly, installation. Qualitatively determine the window, those firms who have been trained by Western partners, and gained experience in editing. For example, KALEVA have long had their own training centers and does not rely on third-party installers, and gives the client a full range of services and, accordingly, a single guarantee for the products themselves, plus their installation.
In conclusion, we would like to list the most well-known brands of PVC profiles, that are currently present in Russia's market: Veka, Rehau, KBE, Gealan, Trocal, Pakpen, Thyssen, Pimas, Brugmann, Pimapen etc.
How to choose the right clothes for the expectant mother?
Pregnancy - is the best time in the life of women. This time, when you're not thinking about the hated diets, wistfully watching which way the needle swings to the weights. This time when you do not try to hide your belly under the folds of clothing, but rather put it on public display, saying the world - two of us! This time when you are happy about every new centimeter at the waist. This time, when you can all!
But sooner or later there comes a time when, because of these very centimeters you already can not squeeze into the favorite jeans, and an old dress, which was great for you, bursting at the seams. It's time to change wardrobe!
In search of suitable clothing in order to save you, of course, you could make a raid on the wardrobe of her husband, mother or a favorite aunt, but ... Are you sure you want to wear these shapeless shirts and colorful skirts? I'm sure not. So let's try to find something more appropriate to your new position.
The first thing you should pay attention when choosing "pregnant" wardrobe, this comfortable. You and your baby should be comfortable in their new clothes, so no belts, straps and tight rubber bands - anything that oppresses and drag the stomach. It is best to choose a model that can be easily regulated by changing your shape. Dresses with cross lacing at the back, with strings sundresses, jeans and trousers with jersey inserts on the sides or belly - all this is the best fit to your "interesting" situation.
When pregnancy is preferable to choose clothing from natural fabrics (linen, cotton, wool, silk, chiffon). This applies to lingerie, and to top dress. First, in-kind clothes, unlike the synthetic, the body "breathe", which greatly reduces the risk of overheating or hypothermia (which is in your present condition is highly undesirable). Secondly, you can avoid the various allergic reactions. And thirdly, such clothes comfortable to wear and looks good.
Somehow, many clothes for the expectant mother is associated with dimensionless skirts a la the "woman in a teapot" coveralls or jeans a la "Carlson. And who only thought of a woman in such rites misunderstanding? In my opinion, such clothing is not only looks terrible, she is terribly uncomfortable and impractical.
No, the modern pregnant woman looks quite different. No wonder designers worldwide seasonally produce special collections for pregnant women. In these collections there and jeans and tunics and jumpers, and leather jackets - all the hits of trendy designers easily be modernized under the features of the "pregnant" shape. Today you can afford almost everything! Here only remember a few tips when choosing fashion:
· No large figures. Visually, they will make you a few times more than you really are.
Avoid dark and inconspicuous shades. They degrade complexion.
· Choose clothing that accentuates line neckline. This will distract attention from the abdomen and will demonstrate excellent chest and shoulders.
· Choose a model that will be combined with each other in several ways. This will save on buying a large number of things.
When creating a new image not forget about little things. Handbags, gloves, scarves, stoles, glasses - not worth all this to hide until better times, all it will help you now. With accessories you can correct accents or merge into a single whole fragmented image.
That's only with your favorite slippers on his heels will be separated. Moreover, they are not safe and can provoke severe swelling, poor circulation and varicose veins. With a big belly and high heels make you look like loaf on stilts - ridiculous and absurd. So we'll have to buy a pair of shoes at a low speed, the benefit is such a shoe for elegance and beauty in no way inferior to your favorite stud, and sometimes even exceeds them.
Pregnancy - is always nice. Pregnant and look cleaner and brighter blush, and laugh louder. And in order for all nine months you did not raise the slightest doubt in his own irresistible, pick up a fashionable and comfortable clothes. The main thing in your state - it is spiritual comfort and well-being.
But sooner or later there comes a time when, because of these very centimeters you already can not squeeze into the favorite jeans, and an old dress, which was great for you, bursting at the seams. It's time to change wardrobe!
In search of suitable clothing in order to save you, of course, you could make a raid on the wardrobe of her husband, mother or a favorite aunt, but ... Are you sure you want to wear these shapeless shirts and colorful skirts? I'm sure not. So let's try to find something more appropriate to your new position.
The first thing you should pay attention when choosing "pregnant" wardrobe, this comfortable. You and your baby should be comfortable in their new clothes, so no belts, straps and tight rubber bands - anything that oppresses and drag the stomach. It is best to choose a model that can be easily regulated by changing your shape. Dresses with cross lacing at the back, with strings sundresses, jeans and trousers with jersey inserts on the sides or belly - all this is the best fit to your "interesting" situation.
When pregnancy is preferable to choose clothing from natural fabrics (linen, cotton, wool, silk, chiffon). This applies to lingerie, and to top dress. First, in-kind clothes, unlike the synthetic, the body "breathe", which greatly reduces the risk of overheating or hypothermia (which is in your present condition is highly undesirable). Secondly, you can avoid the various allergic reactions. And thirdly, such clothes comfortable to wear and looks good.
Somehow, many clothes for the expectant mother is associated with dimensionless skirts a la the "woman in a teapot" coveralls or jeans a la "Carlson. And who only thought of a woman in such rites misunderstanding? In my opinion, such clothing is not only looks terrible, she is terribly uncomfortable and impractical.
No, the modern pregnant woman looks quite different. No wonder designers worldwide seasonally produce special collections for pregnant women. In these collections there and jeans and tunics and jumpers, and leather jackets - all the hits of trendy designers easily be modernized under the features of the "pregnant" shape. Today you can afford almost everything! Here only remember a few tips when choosing fashion:
· No large figures. Visually, they will make you a few times more than you really are.
Avoid dark and inconspicuous shades. They degrade complexion.
· Choose clothing that accentuates line neckline. This will distract attention from the abdomen and will demonstrate excellent chest and shoulders.
· Choose a model that will be combined with each other in several ways. This will save on buying a large number of things.
When creating a new image not forget about little things. Handbags, gloves, scarves, stoles, glasses - not worth all this to hide until better times, all it will help you now. With accessories you can correct accents or merge into a single whole fragmented image.
That's only with your favorite slippers on his heels will be separated. Moreover, they are not safe and can provoke severe swelling, poor circulation and varicose veins. With a big belly and high heels make you look like loaf on stilts - ridiculous and absurd. So we'll have to buy a pair of shoes at a low speed, the benefit is such a shoe for elegance and beauty in no way inferior to your favorite stud, and sometimes even exceeds them.
Pregnancy - is always nice. Pregnant and look cleaner and brighter blush, and laugh louder. And in order for all nine months you did not raise the slightest doubt in his own irresistible, pick up a fashionable and comfortable clothes. The main thing in your state - it is spiritual comfort and well-being.
Choosing a laptop
A modern laptop is different from the usual computer only for its size and weight. As for the functionality of modern notebooks, then in most cases, it in no way inferior to the functionality of personal computers. Currently, there is a new class of notebooks - multimedia notebooks, from which you can not just work with office applications, but also view and edit video, play the latest 3D games.
Characteristics of multimedia or gaming notebook
In multimedia notebooks is most commonly used processor Pentium 4HT or Athlon XP, in the budget models - CPU Intel Celeron.
To ensure a full game or watching a video display gaming notebook should be not less than 14 inches, the optimum display size - 15 inches. Matrix laptop must have a high resolution (no worse than the SXGA + 1400x1050), high brightness and contrast, realistic color reproduction and high uniformity of brightness across the display - so that the edges did not appear darker or lighter than the central point. Also, in order to play games or watch videos to multiple users simultaneously, the display multimedia laptop should have a large viewing angle.
The desired amount of hard disk multimedia notebook is 60-80 GB, the speed of its rotation - 5400 or 7200 revolutions per minute.
Recommended memory multimedia notebook - this DDR 333/400 capacity from 256 to 512 MB and above.
Most laptops are equipped with audio codec AC-97, which are similar to audio codec used in conventional personal computers with integrated sound - for most game programs that sound will be enough. But fans better sound can get a better sound card.
Almost the most important component of the gaming notebook is a powerful video card. Moreover, in contrast to the sound card, external video card does not exist, and then replace the built-in chip can not be more contemporary. Optimal video for a multimedia notebook - is a graphic controller Radeon Mobility 9600 (M11) and nVidia GeForce FX 5700Go.
Positioning devices, which manages the laptop - Touchpad, pointing stick, quite convenient for navigation in office programs, or as auxiliaries in case the main burden falls on the keyboard, joystick or steering wheel. Moreover, by connecting USB-mouse, and you can use it, and Touchpad simultaneously. It is more difficult with the keyboard - for most arcade-type game programs (simulators, arcade, etc.) keys missing. Therefore, to ensure the full process of the game worth buying game pad (joystick), which can connect through USB-port available in all modern laptops.
Characteristics of multimedia or gaming notebook
In multimedia notebooks is most commonly used processor Pentium 4HT or Athlon XP, in the budget models - CPU Intel Celeron.
To ensure a full game or watching a video display gaming notebook should be not less than 14 inches, the optimum display size - 15 inches. Matrix laptop must have a high resolution (no worse than the SXGA + 1400x1050), high brightness and contrast, realistic color reproduction and high uniformity of brightness across the display - so that the edges did not appear darker or lighter than the central point. Also, in order to play games or watch videos to multiple users simultaneously, the display multimedia laptop should have a large viewing angle.
The desired amount of hard disk multimedia notebook is 60-80 GB, the speed of its rotation - 5400 or 7200 revolutions per minute.
Recommended memory multimedia notebook - this DDR 333/400 capacity from 256 to 512 MB and above.
Most laptops are equipped with audio codec AC-97, which are similar to audio codec used in conventional personal computers with integrated sound - for most game programs that sound will be enough. But fans better sound can get a better sound card.
Almost the most important component of the gaming notebook is a powerful video card. Moreover, in contrast to the sound card, external video card does not exist, and then replace the built-in chip can not be more contemporary. Optimal video for a multimedia notebook - is a graphic controller Radeon Mobility 9600 (M11) and nVidia GeForce FX 5700Go.
Positioning devices, which manages the laptop - Touchpad, pointing stick, quite convenient for navigation in office programs, or as auxiliaries in case the main burden falls on the keyboard, joystick or steering wheel. Moreover, by connecting USB-mouse, and you can use it, and Touchpad simultaneously. It is more difficult with the keyboard - for most arcade-type game programs (simulators, arcade, etc.) keys missing. Therefore, to ensure the full process of the game worth buying game pad (joystick), which can connect through USB-port available in all modern laptops.
How to choose a gift on the day rzhdeniya
Birthday - holiday, which is one of the most important and long-awaited holiday in the calendar of each person. On his birthday, it is impossible to forget. You can forget everything: to buy bread in the store, bring garbage to come to the meeting with one another, even feed the dog, but his birthday, no one forgets. Taking into account the special importance of this day for the birthday child, birthday gifts must be chosen with care and with consideration of individual features of the person to whom these gifts are intended. The selection of suitable gifts for my birthday from us requires great effort and not always successful. Especially if the gift is for a man whom we do not know very well. In this case you will have to mobilize the full stock of your imagination and use logical thinking. Think about what gifts this man dreams of his birthday.
Birthday - this is a kind of counter years of living. That is why the birthday boy or girl wants to get a gift that matches their age. For example, a man who turns 30 years old, I want to get a solid gift, emphasizing its new status as adult men, for example, own part of the surface of Venus. Yes, no kidding. Now you can easily become the owner of an extraterrestrial plot, with a registration of ownership, and information about the owner and his possessions will be included in a common database of planetary property owners in America. A 18-year old, who this day has officially become an adult, would have liked a beer helmet as a sign that he has every right to drink beer until they burst, and nobody (even parents!) May prohibit him from doing so. Moreover, in such a special day a man wants to have the charge of fun, joy and optimism. Gifts-impressions can help to recharge. For example, a lesson in piloting at the light, reliable, maneuverable and fast plane TL - 2000 Sting Carbon. Nameday hold for an hour at an altitude of bird flight and got lots of adrenaline from the self-piloting. Good gift-experiences will also be a lesson for the ladies driving or walking horse. Any adventure that you give the birthday child's birthday, will leave unforgettable impressions for many years.
When choosing gifts should also pay attention to hobbies celebrant. Gifts related to the hobby, have a much greater chance of making the birthday than any other. A good gift would be a programmer USB-hub of an unusual type - a device that makes one port - a few. A hub can also be used as an extension USB, for example, from the back of the computer. At present motorists can teach pillow for the car interior, and gamblers and fun gatherings with friends - roulette-vypivalku capable of an original way to liven up a party kind of game participants. These gifts stand out among many other презентов birthday and remembered the most.
Choosing the birthday gift, pay attention to the variety store. The greater range of gifts, the more carefully you can approach the choice of the individual celebrant a gift.
And in conclusion, I would like to say that the day of birth - is a holiday, in which the birthday boy is waiting for surprises and pleasant surprises. Picked up an original gift, you will justify the expectations of the birthday. Is this what is the purpose of each guest?
Birthday - this is a kind of counter years of living. That is why the birthday boy or girl wants to get a gift that matches their age. For example, a man who turns 30 years old, I want to get a solid gift, emphasizing its new status as adult men, for example, own part of the surface of Venus. Yes, no kidding. Now you can easily become the owner of an extraterrestrial plot, with a registration of ownership, and information about the owner and his possessions will be included in a common database of planetary property owners in America. A 18-year old, who this day has officially become an adult, would have liked a beer helmet as a sign that he has every right to drink beer until they burst, and nobody (even parents!) May prohibit him from doing so. Moreover, in such a special day a man wants to have the charge of fun, joy and optimism. Gifts-impressions can help to recharge. For example, a lesson in piloting at the light, reliable, maneuverable and fast plane TL - 2000 Sting Carbon. Nameday hold for an hour at an altitude of bird flight and got lots of adrenaline from the self-piloting. Good gift-experiences will also be a lesson for the ladies driving or walking horse. Any adventure that you give the birthday child's birthday, will leave unforgettable impressions for many years.
When choosing gifts should also pay attention to hobbies celebrant. Gifts related to the hobby, have a much greater chance of making the birthday than any other. A good gift would be a programmer USB-hub of an unusual type - a device that makes one port - a few. A hub can also be used as an extension USB, for example, from the back of the computer. At present motorists can teach pillow for the car interior, and gamblers and fun gatherings with friends - roulette-vypivalku capable of an original way to liven up a party kind of game participants. These gifts stand out among many other презентов birthday and remembered the most.
Choosing the birthday gift, pay attention to the variety store. The greater range of gifts, the more carefully you can approach the choice of the individual celebrant a gift.
And in conclusion, I would like to say that the day of birth - is a holiday, in which the birthday boy is waiting for surprises and pleasant surprises. Picked up an original gift, you will justify the expectations of the birthday. Is this what is the purpose of each guest?
Gifts for the New Year
Good gift all rejoice. Both adults and children. Especially the New Year. Those who appear under the herringbone unexpectedly, wrapped in silver paper with snowflakes and are always precisely those - the most-most. One would think: what could be simpler - asked the kid write a letter to Santa, read it secretly bought wrapping paper and ready! And with adults and also easier: you can take and ask, what exactly do you want for free?
However, then lost the effect of surprise, wonder, mystery, without which the New Year's holiday is impossible. Right to make gifts are not everything. One can say that this is a special talent. Nevertheless, the art of gift and presentation of the gift must learn and teach your child.
The tradition to present gifts dates back to ancient times. And at all times take care not only and not so much about the value of the presented things as the fact that her man happy. After gifts we give, not only because it is accepted, but also because it is a pleasure and the giver and the recipients. According to the Japanese wisdom: "if you liked the gift, then you otdalPodarki to the new year, part of his soul."
Gifts are different: the official, delicatessens, jewelry and even alive. However, before you give the past, it is better to ask how the future belongs to the owner of the animals, as well as to their presence in his house. Indecent to talk about how much is donated to a thing - by the way, it is recommended in advance to remove a label, tag and make sure that the recipients did not receive a gift along with a check. Taking gift, you must immediately in the presence of the giver to remove the wrapper, see praise. Preferably, presenting the gift, not silently shake his hand and say a few warm, according to the triumph, phrases - greetings, wishes.
Price gift depends mainly on the 3 conditions. First, from the senses, which give it, and secondly, on whether it is suitable for holiday and personality, and, thirdly, from manners to give. It would be great to know the taste of friends to donate what they like. When choosing a gift, you are looking for among her things that much worse that you do not need - it is not a gift! If you're sorry with something to part, or you give something precious to you to force someone out of close relatives - this is not a gift. Purchased in a hurry "something" - also not a gift! Put those who have "golden hands". A gift made especially for the recipients, always have in mind - whether it be a poem, drawing, embroidery or soft toy.
Gifts kids
For most New Year's baby gift, especially a small miracle, and therefore unlikely under the tree is hiding something like a new winter boots or a toothbrush. For these practical gifts is better to choose another time, or to present them as a fabulous gift, a magical and extraordinary. For example, about the boots you can write a wonderful story, that they wore as a child himself Santa Claus. New Year's night - time special. This time, fairy tales and miracles, and therefore the gift should be a wonderful and fabulous.
It's worth the time of his holiday decoration, it is best if mom or dad do it yourself. A gift may suddenly appear under the herringbone pattern in a bright red bag of Santa Claus, can hang on a Western-style on the mantelpiece in embroidered boots, and may show up in the morning right under the pillow unsuspecting synuli or daughter. Or you can search it with your child on a previously prepared map of the magic of Lapland.
For girls of any age a good gift is elegant dress or suit. Usually mother herself knows what it is lacking in the wardrobe of her little woman of fashion. For example, a warm jacket or coat for the little beauty, too, can teach how fabulous dress. And if your daughter is not indifferent to fashion, it is to appreciate the elegant and beautiful clothes of famous European companies. The greatest joy and amazement at the kids cause, as a rule, those things about which they have long dreamed of, but could not get it. Therefore they are related more closely to the wishes of their child. Certainly, when you were a child in the store, he drew attention to the designers, wood or soft colorful toys, cars or locomotives.
For the crumbs, which can not yet explain, too, a gift should be special, bright, unexpected and holidays. Bright, luminous and moving toys, hanging over the cot, which develops mat, musical toys - this is not a complete list of gifts for the little ones.
A child older than describe their wishes in a letter to Santa, or in a conversation with friends. A mother will simply be attentive to his dreams and try to translate them into reality, even if it is necessary fairly to try. After New Year's Eve only comes once a year, and that's when most wanted wish-fulfillment.
Excellent idea - to arrange a New Year or the performance
Enable possible not only to all members of his family, but also invited friends along with their children. Do not be too difficult to self-fashioned Christmas costumes and impromptu sets. If this has neither the strength nor the time, you can invite people who deal professionally holidays. Children will certainly be happy to appear in your house on New Years Eve Santa Claus with the Snow Maiden.
In addition, the child can be involved in the process of creation and registration gift. Let him draw a picture for dad (this kid is capable of any age), tell poem for my grandmother, or even just a colorful design the gifts for the guests. To do this will require not so much: a beautiful wrapping paper, ribbons, scissors, and of course your imagination. So the process of preparing and gifts for your children will turn into another small celebration. And remember that the gift baby picture or hired by them plasticine sculpture of a value in itself, rather than its artistic value. Therefore, never allow yourself to mocking or neglect to children's creations. And, of course, you need to completely eliminate the situation where the kid finds his masterpiece, crumpled or broken in the trash the day after the holiday.
Future mother - a gift to the future
Choose a gift for the expectant mother - also not an easy task. Many variants. Moreover, practical gifts are not excluded. But it is worth remembering that pregnancy (especially the first) - a second childhood. The time when a woman becomes very sensitive, romantic and a little helpless. It is better to join in the gift and the usefulness and agreeableness.
Season this dish is a small amount of pleasant surprises and romance is essential. Good service will stand your imagination to write the accompanying texts to the gifts (in other words, cards).
To organize the process of delivery can also be in a special way (for example, by connecting to it kids, dressed in Christmas costumes) With regard to the utility, such that for the future mother will always be: comfortable shoes, cosmetics and perfumes, books and magazines about pregnancy, birth and upbringing children, videos on the same themes, scales or tonometer, a mobile phone. A nice gift can do so by projecting future mom huge soft toy, a beautiful elegant dress or a suit or a CD with her favorite songs. Just imagine the delight of your pregnant girlfriend, when you invite her in the most fashionable salon in the city for expectant mothers and babies! And if you have to invite her to choose an evening dress, dress with tippets or smart trouser suit to your taste? Believe me, her joy will not be unlimited! Especially if you say that this splendor, she can wear and after birth.
An unexpected gift for your pregnant friend or relative may also be a ticket to the most fashionable musical or travel vouchers in a warm country. After all, think about it yourself, how soon it will be able to break even in the light or relax by the sea? But better still would be if, in preparing a gift, you previously curious by her, what she really wants, and that she did not absolutely necessary. It will be quite appropriate in given situations. Supplement such a gift would be nice bathing suit or beach kit for pregnant women.
Also, is not forbidden to think about the dowry for the future mother's favorite. Depending on your personal attachment to the future mother, as well as from the budget that is dedicated to a gift, you can completely take care of buying such large gifts, as wheel chair, a bed, a chair-table for feeding, changing table or tray. Smaller but no less important gifts: Baby Monitor (now gone on sale and video-nurse), a backpack, kangaroo, game mats, accessories for feeding and bathing.
Such trifles as creams, shampoos, oils and other children's cosmetics, spectacularly packaged, will stand in good stead as a supplement to the main gift.
Toy - a gift for a child at all times. At this point no one will ban you exercise your imagination. The only important thing to remember that the requirements for children's toys - are special. They must be of environmentally friendly materials, beautiful bright colors and pleasing to the touch. If your friend too superstitious, you can just teach her a gift voucher, which she will be able to choose gifts for the baby after birth and in its sole discretion.
So success in giving you and remember that the best gift one that give with a pure heart and good wishes!
However, then lost the effect of surprise, wonder, mystery, without which the New Year's holiday is impossible. Right to make gifts are not everything. One can say that this is a special talent. Nevertheless, the art of gift and presentation of the gift must learn and teach your child.
The tradition to present gifts dates back to ancient times. And at all times take care not only and not so much about the value of the presented things as the fact that her man happy. After gifts we give, not only because it is accepted, but also because it is a pleasure and the giver and the recipients. According to the Japanese wisdom: "if you liked the gift, then you otdalPodarki to the new year, part of his soul."
Gifts are different: the official, delicatessens, jewelry and even alive. However, before you give the past, it is better to ask how the future belongs to the owner of the animals, as well as to their presence in his house. Indecent to talk about how much is donated to a thing - by the way, it is recommended in advance to remove a label, tag and make sure that the recipients did not receive a gift along with a check. Taking gift, you must immediately in the presence of the giver to remove the wrapper, see praise. Preferably, presenting the gift, not silently shake his hand and say a few warm, according to the triumph, phrases - greetings, wishes.
Price gift depends mainly on the 3 conditions. First, from the senses, which give it, and secondly, on whether it is suitable for holiday and personality, and, thirdly, from manners to give. It would be great to know the taste of friends to donate what they like. When choosing a gift, you are looking for among her things that much worse that you do not need - it is not a gift! If you're sorry with something to part, or you give something precious to you to force someone out of close relatives - this is not a gift. Purchased in a hurry "something" - also not a gift! Put those who have "golden hands". A gift made especially for the recipients, always have in mind - whether it be a poem, drawing, embroidery or soft toy.
Gifts kids
For most New Year's baby gift, especially a small miracle, and therefore unlikely under the tree is hiding something like a new winter boots or a toothbrush. For these practical gifts is better to choose another time, or to present them as a fabulous gift, a magical and extraordinary. For example, about the boots you can write a wonderful story, that they wore as a child himself Santa Claus. New Year's night - time special. This time, fairy tales and miracles, and therefore the gift should be a wonderful and fabulous.
It's worth the time of his holiday decoration, it is best if mom or dad do it yourself. A gift may suddenly appear under the herringbone pattern in a bright red bag of Santa Claus, can hang on a Western-style on the mantelpiece in embroidered boots, and may show up in the morning right under the pillow unsuspecting synuli or daughter. Or you can search it with your child on a previously prepared map of the magic of Lapland.
For girls of any age a good gift is elegant dress or suit. Usually mother herself knows what it is lacking in the wardrobe of her little woman of fashion. For example, a warm jacket or coat for the little beauty, too, can teach how fabulous dress. And if your daughter is not indifferent to fashion, it is to appreciate the elegant and beautiful clothes of famous European companies. The greatest joy and amazement at the kids cause, as a rule, those things about which they have long dreamed of, but could not get it. Therefore they are related more closely to the wishes of their child. Certainly, when you were a child in the store, he drew attention to the designers, wood or soft colorful toys, cars or locomotives.
For the crumbs, which can not yet explain, too, a gift should be special, bright, unexpected and holidays. Bright, luminous and moving toys, hanging over the cot, which develops mat, musical toys - this is not a complete list of gifts for the little ones.
A child older than describe their wishes in a letter to Santa, or in a conversation with friends. A mother will simply be attentive to his dreams and try to translate them into reality, even if it is necessary fairly to try. After New Year's Eve only comes once a year, and that's when most wanted wish-fulfillment.
Excellent idea - to arrange a New Year or the performance
Enable possible not only to all members of his family, but also invited friends along with their children. Do not be too difficult to self-fashioned Christmas costumes and impromptu sets. If this has neither the strength nor the time, you can invite people who deal professionally holidays. Children will certainly be happy to appear in your house on New Years Eve Santa Claus with the Snow Maiden.
In addition, the child can be involved in the process of creation and registration gift. Let him draw a picture for dad (this kid is capable of any age), tell poem for my grandmother, or even just a colorful design the gifts for the guests. To do this will require not so much: a beautiful wrapping paper, ribbons, scissors, and of course your imagination. So the process of preparing and gifts for your children will turn into another small celebration. And remember that the gift baby picture or hired by them plasticine sculpture of a value in itself, rather than its artistic value. Therefore, never allow yourself to mocking or neglect to children's creations. And, of course, you need to completely eliminate the situation where the kid finds his masterpiece, crumpled or broken in the trash the day after the holiday.
Future mother - a gift to the future
Choose a gift for the expectant mother - also not an easy task. Many variants. Moreover, practical gifts are not excluded. But it is worth remembering that pregnancy (especially the first) - a second childhood. The time when a woman becomes very sensitive, romantic and a little helpless. It is better to join in the gift and the usefulness and agreeableness.
Season this dish is a small amount of pleasant surprises and romance is essential. Good service will stand your imagination to write the accompanying texts to the gifts (in other words, cards).
To organize the process of delivery can also be in a special way (for example, by connecting to it kids, dressed in Christmas costumes) With regard to the utility, such that for the future mother will always be: comfortable shoes, cosmetics and perfumes, books and magazines about pregnancy, birth and upbringing children, videos on the same themes, scales or tonometer, a mobile phone. A nice gift can do so by projecting future mom huge soft toy, a beautiful elegant dress or a suit or a CD with her favorite songs. Just imagine the delight of your pregnant girlfriend, when you invite her in the most fashionable salon in the city for expectant mothers and babies! And if you have to invite her to choose an evening dress, dress with tippets or smart trouser suit to your taste? Believe me, her joy will not be unlimited! Especially if you say that this splendor, she can wear and after birth.
An unexpected gift for your pregnant friend or relative may also be a ticket to the most fashionable musical or travel vouchers in a warm country. After all, think about it yourself, how soon it will be able to break even in the light or relax by the sea? But better still would be if, in preparing a gift, you previously curious by her, what she really wants, and that she did not absolutely necessary. It will be quite appropriate in given situations. Supplement such a gift would be nice bathing suit or beach kit for pregnant women.
Also, is not forbidden to think about the dowry for the future mother's favorite. Depending on your personal attachment to the future mother, as well as from the budget that is dedicated to a gift, you can completely take care of buying such large gifts, as wheel chair, a bed, a chair-table for feeding, changing table or tray. Smaller but no less important gifts: Baby Monitor (now gone on sale and video-nurse), a backpack, kangaroo, game mats, accessories for feeding and bathing.
Such trifles as creams, shampoos, oils and other children's cosmetics, spectacularly packaged, will stand in good stead as a supplement to the main gift.
Toy - a gift for a child at all times. At this point no one will ban you exercise your imagination. The only important thing to remember that the requirements for children's toys - are special. They must be of environmentally friendly materials, beautiful bright colors and pleasing to the touch. If your friend too superstitious, you can just teach her a gift voucher, which she will be able to choose gifts for the baby after birth and in its sole discretion.
So success in giving you and remember that the best gift one that give with a pure heart and good wishes!
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